Elementary

The HudsonWay Elementary Immersion Model

K - Grade 1
80% TARGET LANGUAGE
Students build their academic foundation primarily through Mandarin or Spanish, using the target language to learn core subjects—including language arts, math, science, and social studies—with English instruction used only for English language arts.

Grades 2–3
70% Target Language
As instruction in English increases, students continue learning most core content through Mandarin or Spanish. Mathematics alternates by week between English and the target language, developing mathematical thinking and vocabulary across both languages.

Grades 4–5
50% Target Language
Students develop academic proficiency in both languages as science and social studies alternate between English and Mandarin or Spanish, building vocabulary and the flexibility to engage with increasingly complex content across languages.
Frequently Asked Questions
- At what grades can a child join the program without a prior background in the language?
- Is there a lag in English proficiency?
- How can students do well on standardized assessments if most of the time the subjects are taught in the target language?
- How are we celebrating diversity and addressing race issues?
- What is the student to teacher ratio?
- How do we develop problem-solving skills and critical thinking in various subject areas?
- How are we developing character in elementary students?
- How are parents expected to support their child with homework?
At what grades can a child join the program without a prior background in the language?
HWIS has successfully transitioned students into HWIS starting in any of the elementary years. Often the summer will be a good time to prepare the student with individualized tutoring. The student joins the immersion class and may be pulled out for additional tutoring as needed. Classmates support each other during the transition. Teachers estimate that midway through the year a new child may understand about 50% of what is being said, but by the end of the year, that figure may be closer to 80%.
Is there a lag in English proficiency?
HWIS has not seen a lag in English proficiency in the early elementary years likely due to the small class sizes and flexible grouping enabling individualized instruction. English teachers are very efficient with their time and use resources and stories which are also taught in Spanish or Mandarin. A recent Rand study on dual language immersion students controlled for income showed that 5th graders outperformed monolingual students by 7 months, and 8th graders outperformed by 9 months – nearly a full year ahead of monolingual peers. Students in immersion develop metalinguistic awareness which is a knowledge of how language works. HWIS standardized test results corroborate these findings.
How can students do well on standardized assessments if most of the time the subjects are taught in the target language?
Students take the Comprehensive Testing Program (CTP) by Educational Records Bureau for language arts and math in English, and the Avant assessment in the target language (Mandarin or Spanish). Students learning the content in both languages often benefit from hearing the instruction taught in both target language and English. Standardized test results show that HWIS students meet or exceed the norm for English language arts and math as well as the skills of listening, speaking, reading and writing in the second language as compared to norms.
How are we celebrating diversity and addressing race issues?
The student body is approximately 70% students of color defined as part Asian, Latino or African American. This diversity is celebrated through the study of culture and language, as well as through meaningful discussions on race. During staff training, discussions are held which promote awareness of racial inequity and outline ways to all students equally.
What is the student to teacher ratio?
How do we develop problem-solving skills and critical thinking in various subject areas?
How are we developing character in elementary students?
How are parents expected to support their child with homework?
Most of our students (80%) do not come from households that speak the language at home. We do not expect parents to help the child complete the homework. In fact, it is preferable that the parent communicate the issues the child may be having so that the teacher can adjust the lessons to ensure that the material is learned. Homework is a reinforcement of the content taught in class and is a good way for teachers to assess how well the material is understood. Also, by not being able to help, the child is developing the important skills of self-reliance, independence and communication.
Elementary Curriculum
Kindergarten
English Language Arts
Students begin by blending vowels and consonants to read and spell three-sound words. They learn to identify "print in the world," break words into starting and ending sounds, and retell stories by identifying characters, settings, and major events. Students discover the fundamentals of writing for readers. They write narratives, opinion pieces, and "how-to" books using a combination of drawings, dictating, and writing to express thoughts and feelings.
Mandarin Language Arts
Foundational Literacy & Stroke Order: The focus is on tracking print and character recognition. Students master basic strokes and correct stroke order using the “米字格” (Mi Zi Ge) grid. Learning is brought to life through thematic units, culminating in a Kindergarten Memory Book.
Spanish Language Arts
The Readiness Stage: Kindergarten focuses on a readiness stage that integrates literacy with thematic units. Students build foundational skills in vowel and consonant recognition, transitioning from tracing activities to forming complete sentences.
SEL
Students begin developing self-awareness by learning about their bodies, emotions, and personal boundaries. Through stories, discussions, and role-playing, they explore different kinds of families, identify trusted adults, practice respectful communication, and learn how to recognize safe and unsafe situations while building empathy and kindness toward others.
Art
The art studio is a place of wonder where students discover that everyone can be an artist. Through drawing, painting, collage, sculpture, and clay, students build confidence while exploring the joy of creating. They begin developing fine motor skills and learn to safely use basic art tools.
Math
Building the Basics: Numbers and counting up to 100, Addition and subtraction within 10 using Number Bonds, Comparing sets (greater than, less than, or equal to), Identifying basic flat shapes (2D) and solid shapes (3D). Sorting and classifying objects by size, color, or shape.
Science
Students practice the skills of systematic observation and questioning. They learn to record weather patterns over time, test the cause and effect of physical forces, and identify the shared requirements for survival across different species.
Social Studies
Students explore their place in the world through units like “Me and My Wonderful World.” They learn about family structures, community roles, and basic geography while learning to care for our planet.
Physical Education
Kindergarten students develop confidence through active play and movement. They explore fundamental locomotor skills—including running, hopping, jumping, skipping, balancing, and galloping—while strengthening coordination, body awareness, and spatial understanding. Through cooperative games and imaginative activities, students learn to follow directions, share equipment, take turns, and build positive relationships with classmates while discovering that being active is fun.
Music
Discovering Music Through Play: Music begins as an active, joyful experience. Students sing, move, clap, and play percussion instruments while developing a steady beat and exploring the sounds around them. Through games and movement, they distinguish high and low sounds, loud and soft dynamics, and fast and slow tempos, building the foundational listening and rhythmic skills that prepare them for future musical learning.
Innovation Lab
Students are introduced to technology as a creative tool for learning, exploration, and collaboration. Through hands-on activities, digital storytelling, and age-appropriate technology experiences, students develop foundational digital skills while learning how to care for devices, work collaboratively, and make safe, responsible choices online. The focus is on curiosity, creativity, and problem solving rather than screen time.
Grade 1
English Language Arts
The focus shifts to mastering various syllable types and spelling patterns. Students develop a smooth reading pace (fluency) and learn to use context clues to solve unfamiliar words while identifying the main idea of informational texts. Using a structured writing process, students brainstorm, draft, and revise narratives, informational pieces, and poetry. They use checklists and mentor texts to add details, culminating in a celebratory publishing party.
Mandarin Language Arts
From Characters to Sentences: Students transition toward independent literacy using short stories to identify main ideas. They begin connecting characters into full sentences using simple conjunctions and cohesive short paragraphs.
Spanish Language Arts
Proficiency through Themes: Students master phonics and complex letter blends to identify main ideas. In writing, they move from single sentences to cohesive short paragraphs. They explore diverse genres, including realistic fiction and science reports as well as persuasive letter writing.
SEL
Students continue developing social-emotional skills by practicing empathy, cooperation, and responsible decision-making. They strengthen communication skills, learn to respect personal space and boundaries, identify trusted adults, and recognize how their words and actions affect others. Lessons encourage students to celebrate differences while building healthy friendships.
Art
Students begin understanding that artists make intentional choices. They explore the Elements of Art—including line, shape, color, and texture—and discover how artists use them to tell stories, communicate feelings, and represent the world around them
Math
Deepening Operations: Addition and subtraction within 20 (with a focus on "Making Ten" strategies). Numbers up to 100, focusing on tens and ones. Adding three numbers together. Introduction to measurement (length) and telling time to the hour/half-hour. Introduction to money (counting pennies, nickels, and dimes).
Science
The focus shifts to identifying and communicating patterns. Students learn to use data collection to identify celestial cycles, conduct controlled experiments with light and sound vibrations, and translate their observations into simple scientific models.
Social Studies
The focus shifts to Identity and Citizenship. Students compare the past and present, learn why rules matter, and study how diverse cultural celebrations unite us.
Physical Education
Students strengthen their fundamental movement skills while developing greater control of balls and other equipment. They practice throwing, catching, kicking, rolling, striking, and dribbling through engaging games that encourage teamwork and persistence. Students continue building balance, agility, and coordination while learning the importance of cooperation, fair play, and respecting personal space.
Music
Building Rhythm and Melody: Students strengthen their rhythmic understanding while expanding their singing voices. They learn to read simple rhythmic patterns using quarter notes, paired eighth notes, and rests, while using Solfege hand signs to connect what they hear with what they sing. Students continue exploring classroom percussion, develop greater control of dynamics, and begin identifying different instrument families and timbres.
Innovation Lab
Students begin developing computational thinking by recognizing patterns, following sequences, and solving simple challenges through unplugged coding activities, logic games, and design challenges. They strengthen digital navigation skills while learning that technology can be used to create, communicate, and collaborate responsibly.
Grade 2
English Language Arts
Students master advanced phonics, including prefixes, suffixes, and sight words. They move into deeper comprehension, analyzing plot development and the specific lessons or morals that a story teaches. In fiction, they emphasize character development to create "mental movies" for the reader; in nonfiction, they learn to divide information into main ideas and subtopics using features like tables of contents and glossaries.
Mandarin Language Arts
Developing Fluency & Introduction to Pinyin: Extensive read-alouds and guided reading sessions build characters to increase fluency. Pinyi is also introduced this year to promote more independence in reading. The writing goal is the consistent production of two to three descriptive paragraphs.
Spanish Language Arts
Authentic Literature & Reading Circles: A major milestone is the introduction of authentic literature. Students join Reading Circles, developing critical thinking by searching for evidence in the text as a group. The writing goal is the consistent production of two to three detailed paragraphs.
SEL
Students deepen their understanding of friendships, emotions, and respect. They practice resolving conflicts, expressing feelings appropriately, and making responsible choices. Lessons reinforce body safety, personal boundaries, and the importance of treating all people with kindness, dignity, and respect while continuing to build self-confidence and resilience.
Art
Students transition from intuitive drawing to careful observation. They study patterns in nature, people, and objects while refining their craftsmanship and developing greater independence in the creative process.
Math
Expanding Numbers & Intro to Multi-Step Problems: Operations within 1,000 (adding/subtracting with regrouping). Introduction to Bar Models for two-step addition and subtraction word problems. Conceptual introduction to multiplication (groups of 2, 5, and 10). Advanced money skills (counting dollars and coins up to $10). Measuring in metric (meters/cm) and customary (feet/inches) units.
Science
Students develop skills in modeling and comparative testing. They build physical representations to simulate land changes, categorize the properties of materials through testing, and use evidence to compare how different environments support biodiversity.
Social Studies
Students become "Community Investigators." They act as geographers to map neighborhoods, explore "needs vs. wants," and study how communities change and grow over time.
Physical Education
Students combine movement skills into more complex activities while increasing accuracy, control, and confidence. They participate in relay races, cooperative challenges, and introductory sports activities that require decision-making and teamwork. Students develop greater endurance and begin understanding how regular physical activity contributes to a healthy body and mind while demonstrating responsibility and good sportsmanship.
Music
Reading and Performing Music: Students become increasingly confident music readers as they expand both their rhythmic and melodic skills. They learn to perform music in 2/4, 3/4, and 4/4 time, sing five-note melodic patterns using Solfege, and demonstrate greater control of musical expression through dynamics. By the end of second grade, students have developed the musical literacy, listening skills, and ensemble awareness needed to begin formal instrumental study.
Innovation Lab
As students begin using their own Chromebooks, they develop essential technology skills that support learning across the curriculum. Students learn proper keyboarding techniques and build typing fluency while strengthening digital organization and responsible technology use. They are introduced to coding through age-appropriate programming activities, learning how algorithms, sequencing, and debugging help solve problems and bring ideas to life.
Grade 3
English Language Arts
Students distinguish between fiction and nonfiction. Through Research Clubs, they learn to gather information using text features like glossaries and subheadings, while in fiction, they analyze how character problems mirror real-life experiences. Sample books: Because of Winn Dixie, Charlotte's Web. Students write personal narratives with dialogue and feelings while exploring fiction genres like fractured fairytales and mysteries. They also begin learning to write literary essays about their opinions on social issues.
Mandarin Language Arts
Authentic Literature & Chengyu: A major transition occurs as the curriculum introduces authentic literature. A central highlight is the formal introduction of Chinese idioms (成语 Chengyu)—students learn the historical stories behind these expressions and how to use them. Students also begin practicing Mandarin typing to build digital literacy. Sample books: 《米小圈上学记》 《我的老师是火星人》
Spanish Language Arts
Structure and Evidence: Students begin interpreting figurative language and poetry in authentic Spanish literature. Writing focuses on well-developed narratives and opinion essays supported by textual evidence, with a heavy emphasis on capturing the reader's attention through clear introductions and conclusions. Sample books: Platero y yo contado a los niños.
SEL
As students become more independent, they explore how people grow and change physically, emotionally, and socially. They strengthen communication and decision-making skills while learning about healthy relationships, personal responsibility, and respecting differences within families and communities.
Art
Students begin planning their artwork before they create it. They explore composition, balance, and artistic problem solving while working with increasingly sophisticated materials.
Math
Mastering the Model: Fluency in all multiplication and division facts (0–10). Formal Bar Modeling for multi-step comparison word problems. Fractions on a number line (identifying unit fractions). Introduction to Area and Perimeter. Introduction to mass (kg/g) and volume (L/mL).
Science
Students transition to analyzing large data sets to predict natural hazards. They learn to use evidence from force and interaction experiments to explain principles of motion and use trait analysis to model biological inheritance.
Social Studies
Students study communities past and present, explore geography and cultural traditions, and learn how people adapt, cooperate, and innovate. They examine local/global connections and compare community structures across regions.
Physical Education
Students begin applying movement skills to organized sports and games. They develop sport-specific techniques in activities such as soccer, basketball, and other team games while improving passing, dribbling, throwing, and striking skills. Students are introduced to basic game strategies, including spacing, teamwork, and moving into open areas, while learning the importance of warm-ups, cool-downs, and safe participation.
Music
Recorder Foundations: Third grade marks students' first formal instrumental experience with the recorder. They learn proper posture, breath control, finger placement, and left-hand positioning while reading standard music notation. Through familiar melodies and ensemble performance, students strengthen note reading, develop instrumental technique, and build confidence as independent musicians.
Innovation Lab
Students build on their coding foundation by designing interactive programs, games, and creative projects that strengthen computational thinking and logical reasoning. They continue developing keyboarding proficiency while using digital tools to research, collaborate, and communicate. Coding challenges encourage students to test ideas, solve problems, and think creatively while applying the engineering design process.
Grade 4
English Language Arts
Reading shifts toward connecting complex elements. Through Historical Fiction book clubs, students explore how a character’s setting and time period shape their identity. They also begin comparing themes across multiple books. Sample books: Wonder, The Tiger Rising, Finding the Titanic,George Washington Spy. Writing shifts toward impactful moments in personal narratives. Students write informational texts to teach a topic and produce persuasive essays, ending the year by analyzing social issues in literary essays.
Mandarin Language Arts
Perspectives & Complex Structures: Students use authentic fiction and nonfiction to explore multiple perspectives, analyzing how characters are shaped by their choices. They learn to explain social and scientific topics using complex language. Writing shifts toward mastering multi-paragraph essays with a clear beginning, middle, and end. Sample books: 《天使雕像》《地心游记》
Spanish Language Arts
Perspectives & Complex Structures: Students use authentic fiction and nonfiction to explore multiple perspectives, analyzing how characters are shaped by their choices. They learn to explain social and scientific topics using complex language. Writing shifts toward mastering multi-paragraph essays with a clear beginning, middle, and end. Sample books: No es tan fácil ser niño, Una niña invisible.
SEL
Students examine how emotions, relationships, and personal choices influence well-being. They practice respectful communication, conflict resolution, and responsible digital citizenship while developing an age-appropriate understanding of human growth and the physical and emotional changes that occur during puberty.
Art
Students combine art, technology, and imagination to communicate ideas. A signature experience is the Finger Puppet Stop-Motion Animation project, where they design characters, build sets, and produce original animated films.
Math
Abstract Mastery: Multi-digit multiplication (e.g., 2-digit by 2-digit) and long division. Equivalent fractions and adding/subtracting fractions with like denominators. Introduction to decimals (tenths and hundredths) and their relationship to fractions. Identifying and measuring angles and understanding line symmetry.
Science
Science instruction centers on mapping energy movement. Students develop the skills to trace energy through electrical systems, analyze the structural functions of living organisms, and explain the physical processes that reshape the Earth’s surface.
Social Studies
Students explore the Regions of the United States this year. They analyze the unique geography, resources, and cultures of the Northeast, South, Midwest, and West to see how where we live affects how we live.
Physical Education
Students continue refining their sport skills while developing a deeper understanding of game play. They apply offensive and defensive strategies in modified games, improve communication with teammates, and demonstrate greater responsibility during competition. Students also explore the components of physical fitness—including strength, endurance, flexibility, and coordination—and begin setting simple personal fitness goals.
Music
Introduction to Guitar: Students transition to guitar, learning proper posture, tuning habits, and hand positioning while developing finger coordination and dexterity. They learn the names of the strings, perform simple melodies on the B and G strings, and begin transitioning from tablature to standard music notation. Throughout the year, students develop the technical habits that form the foundation for future guitar study.
Innovation Lab
Students transition from coding on the screen to programming physical robots. Using the engineering design process, they design, build, program, test, and refine robotic solutions to authentic challenges. Through robotics and collaborative engineering projects, students strengthen creativity, perseverance, teamwork, and analytical thinking while learning how software and hardware work together.
Grade 5
English Language Arts
Students read complex novels and nonfiction books to build background knowledge. They are explicitly taught to annotate texts (recording thoughts and questions) across all subjects to build an internal dialogue. Learning culminates in debates, podcasts, and essays supported by direct quotes. Sample books: Refugee, Esperanza Rising, A Wrinkle in Time . Students expand their language skills through the study of morphology, using word parts to decode, spell, and understand complex multisyllabic words. Grammar is woven into every unit to increase sentence complexity, teaching students to use figurative language and seamless transitions. Writers master specific genres—narrative, persuasive, and research-based expository—while learning that writing is a vital mode of communication used in all subjects, from literature responses to vocabulary studies.
Mandarin Language Arts
Author’s Purpose & Academic Writing: Students analyze author’s purpose and character emotions across diverse genres, including biographies and scientific reports. Instruction emphasizes precise vocabulary and seamless transitions. The year culminates in the production of comprehensive research reports and formal academic essays. Sample books: 《家的别称》《西游记》.
Spanish Language Arts
Author’s Purpose & Academic Writing: Students analyze author’s purpose and character emotions across diverse genres, including biographies and scientific reports. Instruction emphasizes precise vocabulary and seamless transitions. The year culminates in the production of comprehensive research reports and formal academic essays. Sample books: Hay que salvar a Sole, Mundo de cartón.
SEL
Students prepare for the transition to middle school by developing a deeper understanding of puberty, personal health, emotional well-being, and healthy relationships. They strengthen decision-making, communication, and self-advocacy skills while learning how respect, responsibility, and empathy support healthy friendships and personal growth.
Art
Students begin using art to examine who they are and how they connect to the world around them. Through abstract painting, mixed media, and studies of contemporary artists, they develop an artistic voice while exploring themes of culture, identity, and community.
Math
Preparation for Algebra: Operations with large whole numbers, fractions, and decimals to the thousandths. Volume of rectangular prisms. Graphing on the coordinate plane. Converting between different units of measurement (e.g., inches to yards).
Science
Students practice synthesizing information from multiple sources. They focus on collaborative discussion and academic discourse to explain interactions within ecosystems and the movement of matter through Earth's interconnected spheres.
Social Studies
Students explore the Western Hemisphere as historical investigators, tracing the journey from the first Indigenous migrations and the great Maya, Aztec, and Inca empires to the era of European colonization. By examining how geography shaped early settlements and analyzing modern government and trade, students discover how the past continues to influence life across North and South America today.
Physical Education
Students demonstrate increasing proficiency across a variety of individual and team sports. They apply technical skills with greater consistency while using strategic thinking during game play. Students deepen their understanding of health-related fitness, monitor their own progress, and recognize how regular physical activity, teamwork, and perseverance contribute to lifelong wellness.
Music
Ensemble Musicianship: Students expand their guitar technique by learning chords, arpeggios, and fingerstyle playing using the index and middle fingers. They continue developing fluency in note reading while strengthening their ensemble skills through collaboration and performance. A dedicated chorus unit provides opportunities to refine vocal technique and prepare music for public performances, helping students experience the discipline and joy of making music together.
Innovation Lab
Students expand their robotics and engineering skills through increasingly sophisticated design challenges that integrate programming, mechanics, and problem solving. Classroom projects are complemented by opportunities to participate in HudsonWay's Robotics Team, where interested students collaborate, compete, and apply engineering principles in authentic settings. Students also explore how emerging technologies, including artificial intelligence, are transforming the world around them.

From Question to Action: The Green Team
HudsonWay students identified opportunities to make their school more environmentally sustainable. They conducted surveys, analyzed data, studied environmental systems, consulted professionals, and developed solutions.
Their learning ultimately led to action: students created a Green Team and helped implement composting and recycling initiatives at school.
Investigate → Understand Perspectives → Communicate → Take Action
New to Immersion?
Students can join HudsonWay's Elementary School without previous Mandarin or Spanish experience. Our teachers provide intentional scaffolding and individualized support to help new students build language skills, confidence, and independence within the immersive classroom.
Learn About Elementary Entry Points →